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imi place mult ca exista cineva care vorbeste de populatie excedentara si la noi si te sustin in a dezvolta mai mult discursul pe partea asta, mi se pare un subiect cam incomod pentru ML-isti de toate felurile (la fel si discutia despre relevanta proletariatului "clasic" ca subiect revolutionar in contemporan, care de altfel e conditionata de discutia anterioara). parca ti-am scris si pe stream dar o sa mai las si aici, mult din ce zici pe partea asta imi aminteste de Planet of Slums de la Mike Davis, o sa las cateva paragrafe mai jos:

"The late-capitalist triage of humanity, then, has already taken place. As Jan Breman, writing of India, has warned: "A point of no return is reached when a reserve army waiting to be incorporated into the labour process becomes stigmatized as a permanently redundant mass, an excessive burden that cannot be included now or in the future, in economy and society. This metamorphosis is, in my opinion at least, the real crisis of world capitalism." Alternately, as the CIA grimly noted in 2002: "By the late 1990s a staggering one billion workers representing one-third of the world's labor force, most of them in the South, were either unemployed or underemployed." Apart from the de Sotan cargo cult of infinitely flexible informalism, there is no official scenario for the reincorporation of this vast mass of surplus labor into the mainstream of the world economy.

These are complex questions that must be explored via concrete, comparative case studies before they can be answered in any general sense. (At least, this is the approach that Forrest Hylton and I have adopted in the book we are writing on the "governments of the poor.") Portentous post-Marxist speculations, like those of Negri and Hardt, about a new politics of "multitudes" in the "rhizomatic spaces" of globalization remain ungrounded in any real political sociology. Even within a single city, slum populations can support a bewildering variety of responses to structural neglect and deprivation, ranging from charismatic churches and prophetic cults to ethnic militias, street gangs, neoliberal NGOs, and revolutionary social movements. But if there is no monolithic subject or unilateral trend in the global slum, there are nonetheless myriad acts of resistance. Indeed, the future of human solidarity depends upon the militant refusal of the new urban poor to accept their terminal marginality within global capitalism.

This refusal may take atavistic as well as avant-garde forms: the repeal of modernity as well as attempts to recover its repressed promises. It should not be surprising that some poor youth on the outskirts of Istanbul, Cairo, Casablanca, or Paris embrace the religious nihilism of al Salafia Jihadia and rejoice in the destruction of an alien modernity's most overweening symbols. Or that millions of others turn to the urban subsistence economies operated by street gangs, narcotraficantes, militias, and sectarian political organizations. The demonizing rhetorics of the various international "wars" on terrorism, drugs, and crime are so much semantic apartheid: they construct epistemological walls around gecekondus, favelas, and chawls that disable any honest debate about the daily violence of economic exclusion. And, as in Victorian times, the categorical criminalization of the urban poor is a self-fulfilling prophecy, guaranteed to shape a future of endless war in the streets. As the Third World middle classes increasingly bunker themselves in their suburban themeparks and electrified "security villages," they lose moral and cultural insight into the urban badlands they have left behind.

The rulers' imagination, moreover, seems to falter before the obvious implications of a world of cities without jobs. True, neoliberal optimism is dogged by a certain quotient of Malthusian pessimism, perhaps best illustrated by the apocalyptic travel writing of Robert D. Kaplan (The Ends of the Earth and The Coming Anarcby). But most of the deep thinkers at the big American and European policy think tanks and international relations institutes have yet to wrap their minds around the geopolitical implications of a "planet of slums.""

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